ABSTRACT
Plantaginis Semen is a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） commonly used in China， which is one of the authentic medicinal materials in Jiangxi. It has great development prospects. However， the current research on Plantaginis Semen is not in-depth enough， mainly involving chemical components and pharmacological activities. There are few researches on processing and variety of Plantaginis Semen. In order to further develop and utilize the resources of Plantaginis Semen， we summarized 4 varieties that have been studied more at present， the processing contents of Plantaginis Semen in ancient and modern literature were consulted and sorted out， and its processing historical evolution were summarized. The influences of different processing technologies and methods on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Plantaginis Semen were analyzed， the possible processing mechanism was discussed. Meanwhile， and the quality evaluation methods of Plantaginis Semen varieties included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were summarized. The author mainly analyzed the researches status of Plantaginis Semen and its decoction pieces in the three aspects of variety， processing and quality evaluation， and summarized its current major problems such as insufficient use and development of varieties， unclear processing mechanisms， and undetermined quality evaluation standards. And combined with the national standardization project of TCM to carry out the prospect and analysis for it， in order to solve the problems in the actual production and use of Plantaginis Semen， and provide reference for its further development， production of the high-quality decoction pieces， analysis of the processing mechanism， and establishment of the quality control system.
ABSTRACT
As an important part of clinical medication, the main function of processing of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is to reduce toxicity and increase efficiency. The key to the best clinical efficacy of TCM after processing lies in three aspects of moderation, adaptation and timeliness, namely " three suitability" theory. In recent years, scholars have done a lot of research under the guide of " three suitability" theory, fully explaining the scientific connotation of the theory, which greatly promoted the inheritance and innovation of TCM processing. In this paper, the basic connotation of " three suitability" theory was summarized, combining with a large number of modern research reports, the pharmacodynamics and composition changes of processed drugs were analyzed and discussed under the guide of " three suitability" theory. At the end of the paper, the authors proposed that we should not only systematize the traditional processing theories, but also use modern advanced technologies to explain the essence of traditional processing theories, and to innovate and develop new processing theories, promote the development of TCM processing discipline and the progress of TCM processing industry.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To optimize the processing technology of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen with the specific process parameters, and verify the obtained processing technology by pharmacodynamic research, so as to provide experimental basis for the standardized production and quality control of this decoction pieces. Method:Taking composite score of appearance character score, dry extract yield and contents of three components (geniposidic acid, acteoside and isoacteoside) as index, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-criteria importance through intercrieria correlation (CRITIC) mixed weighting method was used to determine the weight coefficient of each index. Based on single factor tests, the response surface method was used to investigate the effects of frying time, frying temperature, salt amount and water amount on the processing technology of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen, and the processing technology was verified by diuretic experiment with furosemide tablets as the positive drug (administration dose of 0.01 g·kg-1). Result:The weight coefficients of geniposidic acid content, acteoside content, appearance character score, isoacteoside content and dry extract yield were 0.319, 0.193, 0.207, 0.273 and 0.008, respectively. The optimal process parameters were as following：fried at 150-180 ℃ for 10 min (obtained from the single factor tests), 100 g of Plantaginis Semen sprayed evenly with 2 g of salt (2 g of salt dissolved in 20 mL of water), and fried at 150-180 ℃ for 15 min. Compared with the blank group, both of the raw products group and the salt-processed products group could significantly increase the secretion of urine volume (P<0.01), but the excretion of Na+ in the urine of rats in the salt-processed products group was significantly higher than that in the raw products group (P<0.05). Conclusion:The optimized processing technology is simple and feasible, which can provide reference for standardizing the industrial production of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen. At the same time, combined with inherent quality and appearance of the salt-processed products, and verified by pharmacodynamic test, the obtained results are reasonable and reliable, which can be used for quality control of this decoction pieces.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish a HPLC fingerprint detection method of Plantaginis Semen, and analyze the samples from different producing areas in Jiangxi province by combining with chemical pattern recognition method, and the contents of five ingredients in Plantaginis Semen were determined. Method:A total of 34 batches of Plantaginis Semen medicinal materials were detected by HPLC. The similarity evaluation was carried out by the 2012 edition of similarity evaluation system of chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine. The chromatographic peak information was used as the data source, and three chemical pattern recognition methods were used to comprehensively analyze the quality of this medicinal herb. Quantitative analysis was performed on the 5 active components, including geniposidic acid, plantamajoside, acteoside, galuteolin and isoacteoside. Result:The similarities between Plantaginis Semen samples from different producing areas in Jiangxi province were >0.86. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) could distinguish samples from different producing areas, and be used to determine the chemical components, which had strong correlation with the quality of Plantaginis Semen. The contents of 5 active components in samples from different producing areas were different to some degree, especially in the content of plantamajoside. Conclusion:The established HPLC fingerprint of Plantaginis Semen has strong characteristics, combined with chemical pattern recognition method, it can effectively evaluate the quality of Plantaginis Semen and distinguish its producing areas.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To optimize the processing technology of Moslae Herba processed with ginger juice, and to explore the changes of its volatile components in processing process. Method:The volatile components in Moslae Herba, ginger juice and Moslae Herba processed with ginger juice were extracted by steam distillation. Volatile components in these products were analyzed by HS-GC-MS and identified by NIST 11 standard mass spectra library. Gas chromatographic conditions were as following:HP-5MS elastic quartz capillary column(0.25 mm×30 m, 0.25 μm), helium as the carrier gas, flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1, injector temperature at 250℃, sample quantity of 0.2 μL, split ratio of 50:1, temperature program for initial temperature at 40℃, up to 60℃ with the heating rate at 5℃·min-1, keep 2 min, up to 160℃ with the heating rate at 5℃·min-1, keep 3 min, finally rise to 250℃ with the heating rate at 25℃·min-1, keep it for 2 min and finish, mass spectrometry conditions were as following:electron impact ionization(EI), electron collision energy of 70 eV, ion source temperature at 230℃, the interface temperature at 280℃, quadrupole temperature at 150℃, no delay of solvent, electronic multiplier voltage at 2.188 kV, taking full scan mode, scanning range of m/z 35-550.Taking frying time, solid-liquid ratio and moistening time as factors, orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the processing technology with the comprehensive score of relative contents of thymol and carvacrol, number of volatile components and extracting amount of volatile oil as index. Result:A total of 27 volatile components were detected in Moslae Herba. There were 81 volatile components in Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. The processed products of orthogonal test(No. 1-9) had 31, 38, 29, 35, 38, 33, 34, 22 and 26 volatile components, respectively. Extracting amount of volatile oil was in the order of Moslae Herba processed with ginger juice > Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens > Moslae Herba. The best processing technology was as following:moistening Moslae Herba with equal volume of ginger juice for 6 h, stir-frying for 8 min. Conclusion:Processing has certain impact on the extracting amount of volatile oil in Moslae Herba and the types of volatile components. This optimized technology is stable and feasible, which can provide experimental data for the quality evaluation of processed products of Moslae Herba, and lay a foundation for clarifying its processing mechanism.
ABSTRACT
To establish a quality constant evaluation system of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces,in order to provide reference for regulating the market circulation of this decoction pieces. A total of 18 batches of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces were collected from different pharmaceutical factories,and the morphological parameters of each sample were tested. The content of alisol B 23-acetate in Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces was determined by HPLC in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and the parameters such as quality constant and relative quality constant were calculated. The quality constant range of 18 batches of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces was 0. 390-2. 076. If 18 batches of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces were divided into 3 grades,taking 80% of the maximum quality constant as first grade,50% to 80% as second grade,and the rest as third grade,then the quality constant of firstgrade samples was ≥1. 66,the quality constant of second-grade samples was ≥1. 04 and <1. 66,and the quality constant of third-grade samples was <1. 04. The established quality constant evaluation method is objective and feasible,which can be used to classify the grade of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces and provide a reference method to control the quality of this decoction pieces.
Subject(s)
Alisma , Chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Reference Standards , Quality Control , Rhizome , ChemistryABSTRACT
To discuss the inheritance and innovation study of Chinese medicine processing technology from three aspects： inheritance, standardization and industrial innovation development, propose "three lacks" in inheritance, "six lacks of standardization, and one lack of unity" in standardization, and "three emphasizing and three despising aspects" in industrial innovation, and propose feasible solutions for the above mentioned problems, providing a good foundation for inheritance and innovation of Chinese medicine processing.
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Processing of Chinese materia medica is one of the important part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Drugs in small pieces or slices are special for China and the whole world. Processing technic of Chinses materia medica existed for thousands of years and presented the essence of TCM. The purpose of analyzing the feature and development of traditional processing culture branches was to make a better understanding of traditional processing technic, and further the development of special processing culture branches.
Subject(s)
Materia Medica , Chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for determining the content of primary chemical constituents in the leaves of Cassia angustifolia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HPLC with Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used , acetonitrile-1% acetic acid (10:90-15: 85-18: 82-20: 80-25: 75) in a gradient manner was used as a mobile phase, with flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), column temperature at 40 degrees C and detection wavelength at 270 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The results showed that 5 effective components all separated well and showed good linearity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method was proved to be rapid, sensitive, accurate, credible and repeatable. It can be applied to quality control of Folium Sennae.</p>
Subject(s)
Anthraquinones , Chemistry , Apigenin , Chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Glucosides , Chemistry , Naphthalenes , Chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Senna Extract , Senna Plant , Chemistry , TemperatureABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for HPLC fingerprint determination of different growing areas on Fructus Aurantii fried with bran.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC chromatographic experiment was carried out by ultrasonic distilment of acetacetic ester, gradient elution mode and the detection wavelength of 320 nm. The column temperature was set at 30 degrees C, and flow rate is 1.0 mL x min(-1). Naringin served as the reference standard. Ten batches of Fructus Aurantii fried with bran in the different places were analyzed. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM proceeded the evaluation, The correlation coefficients between ten batches were used to define the similarity.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were eleven characteristic peaks in Fructus Aurantii fried with bran by HPLC fingerprint which constituted fingerprint characters. Both the reproducibility and stability on HPLC fingerprint were proper.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method was accurate and simple. It can be applied to the analysis on Fructus Aurantii fried with bran. The fingerprint spectrum can be used to distinguish Fructus Aurantii fried with bran and to be its quality control.</p>
Subject(s)
China , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Citrus , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Ecosystem , Fruit , Chemistry , Hot Temperature , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Quality Control , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This paper reports a HPLC method for determinition of strychnine and brucine in Semen Strychni and its processed products of Jiangxi method and innovated methed.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SiO2 was used as the stationary phase, n-hexane-dichloromethane-methanol-ammonia(47.5:47.5:5:0.35) as the mobile phase, with detection wavelength of 254 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of strychnine and brucine in the processed products of Jiangxi are lower.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is accurate, simple and reliable.</p>